{"id":125440,"date":"2003-12-15T10:13:00","date_gmt":"2003-12-15T14:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.peta.org\/issues\/marine-animal-exhibits-chlorinated-prisons\/"},"modified":"2024-04-02T02:32:51","modified_gmt":"2024-04-02T09:32:51","slug":"marine-animal-exhibits-chlorinated-prisons","status":"publish","type":"issue","link":"https:\/\/www.peta.org\/issues\/animals-in-entertainment\/animals-used-entertainment-factsheets\/marine-animal-exhibits-chlorinated-prisons\/","title":{"rendered":"Marine Animal Exhibits: Chlorinated Prisons"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>At aquariums around the country, orcas leap through the air for a handful of fish, and tourists flock to facilities that offer them the opportunity to swim or have their pictures taken with dolphins. These parks and zoos are part of a billion-dollar industry built on the suffering of intelligent, social beings who are denied everything that is natural and important to them.<sup>1<\/sup> Ric O\u2019Barry, who was a dolphin trainer for the <i>Flipper<\/i> television series in the 1960s, says that parks and zoos \u201cwant you to think that God put [dolphins] there or [that] they rescued them. \u2026 If people knew the truth, they wouldn\u2019t buy a ticket.\u201d<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Families Torn Apart<\/h2>\n<p>Killer whales, or orcas, are members of the dolphin family. They are also the largest animals held in captivity. In the wild, orcas stay with their mothers for life. Family groups, or \u201cpods,\u201d consist of a mother, her adult sons and daughters, and her daughters\u2019 offspring. Members of the pod communicate in a \u201cdialect\u201d specific to that pod. Dolphins swim together in family pods or tribes of hundreds.<\/p>\n<p>Capturing even one wild orca or dolphin disrupts the entire pod. To obtain a female dolphin of breeding age, for example, boats are used to chase the pod into shallow waters, where the animals are surrounded with nets that are gradually closed and lifted onto the boats. Unwanted dolphins are thrown back. Some die from shock or stress, and others slowly succumb to pneumonia when water enters their lungs through their blowholes. Pregnant females may spontaneously abort babies. In one instance, more than 200 panicked dolphins who had been corralled into a Japanese fishing port crashed into boat hulls and each other, becoming hopelessly entangled in nets during their attempt to find an escape route. Many became exhausted and drowned.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Orcas and dolphins who escape the ordeal of capture become frantic upon seeing their captured companions and may even try to save them. When Namu, a wild orca captured off the coast of Canada, was towed to the Seattle Marine Aquarium (then the Seattle Public Aquarium), he was insured by Lloyd\u2019s of London, according to the BBC, for \u201cvarious contingencies including rescue attempts by other whales.\u201d<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adapting To An Alien World<\/h2>\n<p>In the wild, orcas and dolphins swim in vast oceans and rivers.\u00a0But captured dolphins are confined to tanks that may be only 24 feet long, 24 feet wide, and 6 feet deep.<sup>5<\/sup>\u00a0They navigate by echolocation\u2014bouncing sonar waves off other objects to determine their shape, density, distance, and location\u2014but in tanks, the reverberations from their own sonar bounce off the walls, driving some dolphins insane. Jacques Cousteau said that life for a captive dolphin \u201cleads to a confusion of the entire sensory apparatus, which in turn causes in such a sensitive creature a derangement of mental balance and behaviour.\u201d<sup>6<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Newly captured dolphins and orcas are forced to learn tricks. Former trainers say that withholding food and isolating animals who refuse to perform are two common training methods. According to O\u2019Barry, \u201cpositive reward\u201d training is a euphemism for \u201cfood deprivation.\u201d<sup>7<\/sup>\u00a0Former dolphin trainer Doug Cartlidge maintains that highly social dolphins are punished by being isolated from other animals: \u201cYou put them in a pen and ignore them. It\u2019s like psychological torture.\u201d<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Captivity\u2019s Tragic Consequences<\/h2>\n<p>If life for captive orcas and dolphins were as tranquil as marine parks would have us believe, the animals would live longer than their wild counterparts. However, while captive marine mammals are not subject to predators or ocean pollution, their captivity is nevertheless a death sentence.<\/p>\n<p>In the wild, dolphins can live into their 40s and 50s.<sup>9<\/sup>\u00a0But more than 80 percent of captive dolphins whose ages could be determined died before they turned 20,\u00a0and those at SeaWorld and other marine parks rarely survive for more than 10 years.<sup>10,11<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The <i>San Antonio News Express<\/i> analyzed data submitted by SeaWorld to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and discovered that almost 150 sea lions, beluga whales, orcas and dolphins have died from infections since 1986, out of a total of 816 listed under the parks\u2019 care.<sup>12<\/sup> Florida\u2019s <i>Sun-Sentinel<\/i> examined 30 years of federal documents pertaining to marine animals and found that nearly 4,000 sea lions, seals, dolphins, and whales have died in captivity, and of the 2,400 cases in which a cause of death was listed, one in five animals died \u201cof uniquely human hazards or seemingly avoidable causes.\u201d<sup>13<\/sup>\u00a0Captive marine mammals have died from swallowing coins, succumbing to heatstroke, and swimming in contaminated water.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Trouble With \u2018Interactive\u2019 Programs<\/h2>\n<p>Many aquariums are now offering touch tanks and \u201cswim-with\u201d programs, giving visitors carte blanche to invade these animals\u2019 already diminished worlds.<\/p>\n<p>When the Georgia Aquarium announced that it was going to start allowing a dozen swimmers in the tank with its whale sharks every day, George Burgess, director of the Florida Program for Shark Research at the Florida Museum of Natural History, told the <i>Los Angeles Times<\/i> that subjecting animals to these programs is like \u201cbeing in a bedroom for the rest of your life after having had the ability to walk around freely \u2026. And then having 20 people come join you in your personal space every so often.\u201d<sup>14<\/sup>\u00a0At least 15 dolphins housed at The Mirage\u2019s Dolphin Habitat in Las Vegas, where patrons can pay to be a \u201ctrainer\u201d for a day, have died since the facility opened in 1990.<sup>15<\/sup>\u00a0Four dolphins died within a year and a half at an Arizona facility, forcing the temporary closure of the site while an investigation was conducted. One marine mammal scientist noted that the desert sun is harsh for dolphins, and that &#8220;(t)he relentless exposure to UV radiation is not normal for them.&#8221;<sup>16\u00a0<\/sup>Thirty-year-old Sharky died of head injuries when she collided in mid-air with another dolphin while forced to perform tricks as part of SeaWorld\u2019s Discovery Cove, where tourists participate in the \u201cswim with dolphins\u201d program.<sup>17<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Even dolphin-assisted therapy can be dangerous\u2014not only for the animals but also for the mentally or physically disabled patients hoping to get some kind of \u201chealing\u201d experience. \u201cDolphin-assisted therapy is not a valid treatment for any disorder,\u201d says Lori Marino, a dolphin and whale researcher from Emory University. She adds that \u201cinjury is a very real possibility when you place a child in a tank with a 400-pound wild animal that may be traumatized from being captured.\u201d<sup>18<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Touch tanks are also death traps for animals. Forty stingrays died from an unknown toxin in the Calgary Zoo\u2019s touch tank within three months after the exhibit opened.<sup>19<\/sup>\u00a0This mass death was not an isolated incident: 54 stingrays died in the tank at the Brookfield Zoo in Illinois, and 18 died at John Ball Zoo in Michigan.<sup>20,21<\/sup><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Way Forward<\/h2>\n<p>Richard Donner, coproducer of the film <em>Free Willy<\/em>, said, \u201cRemoval of these majestic mammals from the wild for commercial purposes is obscene. &#8230; These horrendous captures absolutely must become a thing of the past.\u201d<sup>22<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>People around the world are recognizing that dolphins, orcas, and other cetaceans do not belong in captivity. Mexico City banned the use of dolphins and other marine mammals in shows, therapy sessions and scientific experiments.<sup>23<\/sup> France does not allow the breeding in captivity of dolphins and killer whales.<sup>24<\/sup> India\u2019s Ministry of Environment and Forests announced that the country would no longer permit dolphins to be kept in captivity for entertainment, stating that to do so would be \u201cmorally unacceptable.\u201d<sup>25<\/sup> Canada does not allow beluga whales to be captured and exported.<sup>26<\/sup> Israel prohibits the importation of dolphins for use as entertainment.<sup>27<\/sup><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What You Can Do<\/h2>\n<p>Don\u2019t visit parks or zoos that have captive marine mammals unless you\u2019re doing so to monitor the animals as part of a campaign. Encourage your local aquarium to stop breeding animals in order to make space for rehabilitating (and releasing) injured wildlife. Report poor conditions to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, leaflet at the park, write letters to the editors of local publications, and pressure officials to avoid subsidizing these facilities with taxpayer money. Support legislation that prohibits the capture or restricts the display of marine mammals.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h3>\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>Sally Kestin, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sun-sentinel.com\/news\/fl-xpm-2004-05-16-0405160047-story.html\">Not a Perfect Picture<\/a>,\u201d<em> Sun-Sentinel<\/em> 16 May 2004.<br \/>\n<sup>2<\/sup>Kestin.<br \/>\n<sup>3<\/sup>Public Broadcasting Service, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/whales\/debate\/\">A Whale of a Business<\/a>,\u201d <em>Frontline<\/em> 1998.<br \/>\n<sup>4<\/sup>BBC News, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/business\/93003.stm\">Lloyd\u2019s: Insuring the Famous and the Bizarre<\/a>,\u201d 29 Oct. 1999.<br \/>\n<sup>5<\/sup>Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/cfr\/text\/9\/3.104\">3.104 Space Requirements<\/a>.\u201d<br \/>\n<sup>6<\/sup>Virginia McKenna, <em>Into the Blue<\/em> (New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1992).<br \/>\n<sup>7<\/sup>McKenna.<br \/>\n<sup>8<\/sup>Ibid.<br \/>\n<sup>9<\/sup>Sally Kestin, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sun-sentinel.com\/sfl-dolphins-parksmay16-story.html\">Experts, Parks Debate Animal\u2019s [sic] Ages of Death<\/a>,\u201d<em> Sun-Sentinel<\/em> 16 May 2004.<br \/>\n<sup>10<\/sup>Kestin, \u201cNot a Perfect Picture.\u201d<br \/>\n<sup>11<\/sup>Ibid.<br \/>\n<sup>12<\/sup>Richard Webner,&#8221;<a href=\"http:\/\/projects.expressnews.com\/safeguarding-seaworld-infections-take-toll-on-mammals\">What&#8217;s Killing The Orcas at Sea World?<\/a>&#8221; <i>San Antonio News-Express\u00a0<\/i>20 May 2016.<br \/>\n<sup>13<\/sup>Kestin.<br \/>\n<sup>14<\/sup>Richard Fausset, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2008\/jun\/19\/nation\/na-sharks19\">Too Close for Their Comfort? Atlanta\u2019s Aquarium Lets the Public Pay to Get in the Tank With Sharks<\/a>,\u201d <em>Los Angeles Times<\/em>\u00a019 June 2008.<br \/>\n<sup>15<\/sup>Henry Brean, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reviewjournal.com\/local\/the-strip\/secret-garden-attraction-at-the-mirage-earns-animal-welfare-certification\/ \">Secret Garden Attraction at The Mirage Earns Animal Welfare Certification<\/a>,\u201d <em>Las Vegas Review-Journal<\/em>\u00a025 Apr. 2017.<br \/>\n<sup>16<\/sup>Beth Dalby, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/patch.com\/arizona\/phoenix\/dolphins-mysteriously-dying-swim-dolphins-tourist-trap\">Dolphins Mysteriously Dying At Swim-With-Dolphins Tourist Trap<\/a>,&#8221; Patch.com 6 Feb. 2019.<br \/>\n<sup>17<\/sup>Jacqui Goddard, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/dolphin-dies-as-aerial-stunt-for-tourists-in-us-goes-wrong-27wmjh2vlqz\">Dolphin Dies as Aerial Stunt for Tourists Goes Wrong<\/a>,\u201d<em> The Times<\/em> (London) 29 Apr. 2008.<br \/>\n<sup>18<\/sup>Emory University, news release, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/pub_releases\/2007-12\/eu-da121807.php\">Dolphin \u2018Therapy\u2019 a Dangerous Fad, Emory Researchers Warn<\/a>,\u201d EurekaAlert.org, 18 Dec. 2007.<br \/>\n<sup>19<\/sup>CBC News, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/calgary\/5-more-stingrays-die-as-calgary-zoo-asks-police-for-help-1.710023\">5 More Stingrays Die as Calgary Zoo Asks Police for Help<\/a>,\u201d 14 May 2008.<br \/>\n<sup>20<\/sup>Deanese Williams-Harris, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/local\/breaking\/ct-54-stingrays-are-dead-after-malfunction-of-tank-at-brookfield-zoo-20150712-story.html\">Brookfield Zoo Investigating Cause of Malfunction that Left 54 Stingrays Dead<\/a>,\u201d <em>Chicago Tribune<\/em> 13 July 2015.<br \/>\n<sup>21<\/sup>Katie Lathrop, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.freep.com\/story\/news\/local\/michigan\/2016\/07\/12\/john-ball-zoo-stingray-sharks\/87012806\/\">Grand Rapids Zoo&#8217;s Stingray Exhibit Remains Closed<\/a>,\u201d WZZM, 12 July 2016.<br \/>\n<sup>22<\/sup>Donner\/Shuler-Donner Productions, news release, \u201cSea World Tossed Out as Sponsor for American Oceans Event,\u201d 20 Mar. 1995.<br \/>\n<sup>23<\/sup>Emily Green, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2017-08-25\/mexico-city-banning-dolphin-shows-taking-lead-animal-rights\">Mexico City Is Banning Dolphin Shows, Taking A Lead on Animal Rights<\/a>,&#8221; PRI&#8217;s The World 25 Aug. 2017.<br \/>\n<sup>24<\/sup>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39834098\">France Bans Captive Breeding of Dolphins And Killer Whales<\/a>,&#8221; BBC News 7 May 2017.<br \/>\n<sup>25<\/sup>Environment News Service, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/ens-newswire.com\/2013\/05\/20\/india-bans-captive-dolphin-shows-as-morally-unacceptable\/\">India Bans Captive Dolphin Shows as \u2018Morally Unacceptable<\/a>,\u2019\u201d 20 May 2013.<br \/>\n<sup>26<\/sup>Brian McHattie, letter to Ann Terbush, U.S. Department of Commerce, \u201cComments on National Marine Fisheries Service Proposed Rule\u2014Docket No. 001031304-0304-01,\u201d 31 Oct. 2001.<br \/>\n<sup>27<\/sup>Reuters, \u201cIsrael Agency Bans Import of Dolphins,\u201d 4 Feb. 1994.<\/p>\n<input class=\"fooboxshare_post_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"125440\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>At aquariums around the country, orcas leap through the air for a handful of fish, and tourists flock to facilities that offer them the opportunity to swim or have their pictures taken with dolphins. These parks and zoos are part of a billion-dollar industry built on the suffering of intelligent, social beings who are denied<a class=\"excerpt-read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peta.org\/issues\/animals-in-entertainment\/animals-used-entertainment-factsheets\/marine-animal-exhibits-chlorinated-prisons\/\" title=\"ReadMarine Animal Exhibits: Chlorinated Prisons\"> &#8230; Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"parent":125151,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","beyondwords_generate_audio":"","beyondwords_integration_method":"","beyondwords_project_id":"","beyondwords_content_id":"","beyondwords_preview_token":"","beyondwords_player_content":"","beyondwords_player_style":"","beyondwords_language_code":"","beyondwords_language_id":"","beyondwords_title_voice_id":"","beyondwords_body_voice_id":"","beyondwords_summary_voice_id":"","beyondwords_error_message":"","beyondwords_disabled":"","beyondwords_delete_content":"","beyondwords_podcast_id":"","beyondwords_hash":"","publish_post_to_speechkit":"","speechkit_hash":"","speechkit_generate_audio":"","speechkit_project_id":"","speechkit_podcast_id":"","speechkit_error_message":"","speechkit_disabled":"","speechkit_access_key":"","speechkit_error":"","speechkit_info":"","speechkit_response":"","speechkit_retries":"","speechkit_status":"","speechkit_updated_at":"","_speechkit_link":"","_speechkit_text":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[22],"placement":[],"class_list":["post-125440","issue","type-issue","status-publish","hentry","category-animals-in-entertainment"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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